Comparative Study of the Environmental and Sanitary Impacts of two fish Smoking Systems (Traditional Oven and FTT Oven) used by the Women of Guessabo (Ivory Coast)
Ossehin Ambroise *
Environmental Sciences Laboratory (LSE), UFR of Sciences and Management of the Environment, Nangui Abrogoua University 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast.
Etchian Assoi Olivier
Laboratory of Animal Biology and Cytology, Nangui Abrogoua University 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast.
Seka Yapoga Jean
Environmental Sciences Laboratory (LSE), UFR of Sciences and Management of the Environment, Nangui Abrogoua University 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast.
Gnagne Agness Essoh Jean Eudes Yves
Laboratory of thermodynamics and physical chemistry of the environment, UFR Applied Fundamental Sciences, Nangui Abrogoua University 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast.
Yapo Ossey Bernard
Environmental Sciences Laboratory (LSE), UFR of Sciences and Management of the Environment, Nangui Abrogoua University 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast and Central Environmental Laboratory of the Ivorian Center Antipollution (LCE-CIAPOL), 20 BP 650 Abidjan 20, Ivory Coast.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Women use traditional methods for smoking in Côte d'Ivoire. These methods have an impact on the environment and their health because of the emission of CO2 which is a greenhouse gas and other gases (VOCs, PAHs...), carcinogenic and dangerous for the respiratory system. In 2013, an improved kiln, called FAO-Thiaroye Processing Technique (FTT) was introduced in Côte d'Ivoire in order to reduce the health and environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to compare the environmental and health impacts between traditional and improved ovens used by women in Guessabo. This study involved 45 fish smokers using traditional stoves, 34 smokers using FTT stoves and 50 controls. It was conducted from January to December 2017. The data collection methodology included questionnaire survey, interviews, observations, and medical prospection. Also, baseline spirometry and bronchial metacholine reversibility test in each woman were performed. Bronchial hyperreactivity was obserbed to be more frequent in women smokers who practice with traditional furnaces. Three measurement campaigns of Carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and Nitric oxide (NO) were carried out. The level of CO measured at the traditional sites varies from 19 to 184 mg/m3. It is often higher than the acceptable limit value (50mg/m3). However, these gas levels were very low with the use of FTT furnaces.
Keywords: Fish smoking, environmental impact, health of women smokers, greenhouse gases, Guessabo