Metal Pollution, Ecological and Health Risks Status of the Open Waters from the Lagoon Area II of Ébrié System (Côte d'Ivoire)
MAHI Agolé Mahi Arthur
Constitution and Reaction Matter Laboratory (CRML), UFR SSMT, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, 22 B.P. 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.
YAO Marcel Konan *
Constitution and Reaction Matter Laboratory (CRML), UFR SSMT, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, 22 B.P. 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.
CLAON Jean Stéphane
Department of Public Health, Hydrology and Toxicology (DP2HT), UFR SPB, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, 22 BP 1306 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire and Water Quality Analysis and Control Laboratory (LACQUE), National Drinking Water Office (ONEP), Abidjan, 04 BP 42 Abidjan 04, Côte d'Ivoire.
TROKOUREY Albert
Constitution and Reaction Matter Laboratory (CRML), UFR SSMT, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, 22 B.P. 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The assessments of the seasonal metal pollution, as well as the subsequent likely ecological and health risks, of the open waters from the lagoon area II of Ébrié system were the subject of this study. For this purpose, the seasonal mean of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents of these waters determined over the period from June 2020 to May 2021 were used. The water quality guidelines SEQ-Eau (version 2) and NQE DCE-UE 2018/240 were used to assess the seasonal ecological quality of these waters. As for the seasonal biota health risks, they have been assessed with the water quality guidelines of NYSDEC, US-EPA and SAVEX. Those concerning to Human health risks, they were with WQSSW of Port Gamble S'Klallam tribe. The results showed an important ecological degradation of these waters in all seasons. This has been due to As, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Pb. The likely biota health risks are also significant in all seasons, due to As, Hg, Ni, and Pb. As for the likely Human health risks, they are also important in all seasons. They are due to As, Hg, and Ni over the study period.
Keywords: Côte d'Ivoire, Ébrié system, metal pollution, open waters pollution, water quality guidelines